Journal: Frontiers in Neurology

Article Title: Fluid and White Matter Suppression Imaging and Voxel-Based Morphometric Analysis in Conventional Magnetic Resonance Imaging-Negative Epilepsy

doi: 10.3389/fneur.2021.651592

Figure Lengend Snippet: Examples of patients having FLAWS–MAP gyral+ region concordant with the surgical resection cavity. Both patients remained seizure-free at 12 months. The crosshairs indicate the same coordinate between different images. The red arrows indicate the FLAWS+ or MAP+ region. Upper, left: registered FLAWS image; right: junction map of MAP. Lower, left: T1-weighted magnetization-prepared rapid acquisition with gradient-echo (MPRAGE) image; middle: registered T2-weighted fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) image; right: registered postsurgical computerized tomography (CT) indicating the site and extent of resection. (A) belongs to the “subtly lesional” subgroup, FLAWS–MAP gyral+ region in the parietal lobe; FLAWS image shows blurring of gray matter and white matter transition as well as abnormal subcortical white matter signal. The junction file shows the suprathreshold region located in the same gyrus with FLAWS image. (B) belongs to the “subtly lesional” subgroup, FLAWS–MAP gyral+ region in the frontal lobe; FLAWS image shows abnormal cortical thickness, blurring of gray matter and white matter transition, and transmantle sign; the junction map shows a half ring-shaped suprathreshold region, which was located in the same sulcus with FLAWS image. Pathology: (A) focal cortical dysplasia (FCD) IIb; (B) FCD IIa.

Article Snippet: MAP was performed based on the MPRAGE image (Siemens, Erlangen, Germany; TR/TE, 1,900/2.2; matrix, 256 × 256; FOV, 250 mm; sagittal; slices thickness, 1.0 mm; TI, 900 ms) using the SPM12 toolbox (Wellcome Department of Cognitive Neurology, London, UK) in MATLAB 2017a (MathWorks, Natick, MA, USA) following established methods ( , ).

Techniques: Tomography

Journal: Frontiers in Neurology

Article Title: Fluid and White Matter Suppression Imaging and Voxel-Based Morphometric Analysis in Conventional Magnetic Resonance Imaging-Negative Epilepsy

doi: 10.3389/fneur.2021.651592

Figure Lengend Snippet: Examples of patients with only FLAWS+ region concordant with the surgical resection cavity. Both patients were seizure-free after surgery at 12 months. The crosshairs indicate the same coordinate between different images. The red arrows indicate the FLAWS+ region. Upper, left: registered FLAWS image; right: junction map of MAP. Lower, left T1-weighted magnetization-prepared rapid acquisition with gradient-echo (MPRAGE) image; middle: registered T2-weighted fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) image; right: registered postsurgical CT indicating the site and extent of resection. (A) belongs to the “strictly nonlesional” subgroup, FLAWS+ region in the frontal lobe; FLAWS image shows blurring of gray matter and white matter transition as well as abnormal cortical thickness. The junction file shows no suprathreshold region. (B) belongs to the “strictly nonlesional” subgroup, FLAWS+ region in the temporal lobe; FLAWS image shows blurring of gray matter and white matter transition as well as abnormal subcortical white matter signal; the junction map shows no suprathreshold region. Pathology: (A) FCD IIb; (B) gliosis.

Article Snippet: MAP was performed based on the MPRAGE image (Siemens, Erlangen, Germany; TR/TE, 1,900/2.2; matrix, 256 × 256; FOV, 250 mm; sagittal; slices thickness, 1.0 mm; TI, 900 ms) using the SPM12 toolbox (Wellcome Department of Cognitive Neurology, London, UK) in MATLAB 2017a (MathWorks, Natick, MA, USA) following established methods ( , ).

Techniques:

Journal: Frontiers in Neurology

Article Title: Fluid and White Matter Suppression Imaging and Voxel-Based Morphometric Analysis in Conventional Magnetic Resonance Imaging-Negative Epilepsy

doi: 10.3389/fneur.2021.651592

Figure Lengend Snippet: Examples of patients who had subtle FLAWS+ region revealed only under the guidance of the MAP+ region. Both patients were seizure-free after surgery. The FLAWS+ and MAP+ region was concordance with resection. The crosshairs indicate the same coordinate between different images. The red arrows indicate the FLAWS+ or MAP+ region. Upper, left: registered FLAWS image; right: junction map of MAP. Lower, left T1-weighted magnetization-prepared rapid acquisition with gradient-echo (MPRAGE) image; middle: registered T2-weighted fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) image; right: registered postsurgical CT indicating the site and extent of resection. (A) belongs to the “strictly nonlesional” subgroup, MAP guided FLAWS+ region in the temporal lobe; the junction file shows the suprathreshold region in the temporal lobe; FLAWS image shows subtle blurring of gray matter and white matter transition as well as abnormal subcortical white matter intensity. (B) belongs to the “subtly lesional” subgroup, MAP guided FLAWS+ region in the parietal lobe; the junction file shows the suprathreshold region in the parietal lobe; FLAWS image shows very subtle blurring of gray matter and white matter transition. Pathology: (A) FCD Ib; (B) FCD Ia.

Article Snippet: MAP was performed based on the MPRAGE image (Siemens, Erlangen, Germany; TR/TE, 1,900/2.2; matrix, 256 × 256; FOV, 250 mm; sagittal; slices thickness, 1.0 mm; TI, 900 ms) using the SPM12 toolbox (Wellcome Department of Cognitive Neurology, London, UK) in MATLAB 2017a (MathWorks, Natick, MA, USA) following established methods ( , ).

Techniques: